The physical, biological and morphological characteristics of the European seas and coasts are being affected accordingly, modifying their ecological structure, their functions and the goods and services they provide. The marine coastal waters in Europe are constantly exposed to the impacts of climate change and increasing human pressure through activities such as fisheries, energy production, tourism, trade and commerce. A fundamental aspect of the JRC’s work involves the validation, quality control and benchmarking of Earth observation products over ocean and land. Reliable and accurate information is essential to support environmental policies in identifying the issues to be addressed and monitoring their effectiveness. Earth observation techniques for land and seas The task of acquiring satellite images, carrying out quality control and and making them available to EU Member States is performed by the JRC for the European Commission. CwRS is performed using satellite remote sensing data which are provided to the EU Member States’ administrations or their CwRS contractors, in order to carry out all or part of their on-the-spot checks in accordance with current legislation. Since 1993, the Commission’s Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development has promoted the use of “Controls with Remote Sensing” (CwRS) as an appropriate method to check if area-based aids are correctly granted. to identify and quantify the land that is eligible for payments. The LPIS was designed for the implementation of the first pillar of the CAP – direct payments to the farmer, i.e. The JRC provides scientific and technical support for the implementation of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS), cross compliance implementation and information management linked to these issues. The LPIS provides geo-referenced, online information that is supported by up-to-date nationwide image datasets. Information is extracted and stored digitally, providing an accurate record that can be periodically updated to monitor the evolution of land cover and the management of the crops. The Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) is used to identify land use and boundaries in a given country by using aerial photographs and high precision satellite images. Land Parcel Information Systems and On-the-Spot checks The JRC helps set international standards for measurements from space through its in-house research and cooperation with partners, and enables the acquisition, access and storage of satellite and aerial remote sensing data. The ambition of the JRC is to develop a digital replica of our planet that provides globally shared access to the best available data, models, and scenarios necessary to support EU policy, public participation, and scientific research. ![]() The JRC supports several policies within which the use of Earth observation plays a key role: the INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) Directive, the Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS), the European Earth Observation Programme (Copernicus), the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), the Common Agricultural policy (CAP) and the Integrated Maritime Policy. ![]() Examples include the monitoring of the state and evolution of our environment, be it land, sea or air, and the ability to rapidly assess situations during crises such as extreme weather events or during times of human conflict. ![]() Space-based technologies deliver reliable and repeat-coverage datasets, which combined with research and development of appropriate methods, provide a unique means for gathering information concerning the planet. Earth observation is used to monitor and assess the status of, and changes in, the natural and manmade environment. Earth observation is the gathering of information about planet Earth’s physical, chemical and biological systems via remote sensing technologies, usually involving satellites carrying imaging devices.
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